In the absence of central referees, who resolves calls on the field?

• A. There are central referees who make calls.
• B. Calls are discussed by players and resolved with Spirit of the Game guiding the process.
• C. The coach makes all decisions on calls.
• D. Calls are decided by a coin flip.

Answer: (B)

On-field calls without central referees are handled by the players themselves, using discussion and the Spirit of the Game as the guide. This means players describe what happened, call fouls or out-of-bounds as needed, and work toward a mutual resolution. Spirit of the Game emphasizes fair play, honesty, and respect, so everyone takes responsibility for resolving disputes rather than relying on officials. If there’s disagreement, the players talk it through and reach a consensus to keep play moving and maintain trust. The coach doesn’t make all decisions during the game in this setup, and a coin flip isn’t the method for resolving calls—coin flips may be used to start a game or decide possession in some formats, but not to settle on-field calls. This approach supports the sport’s focus on accountability and integrity even without referees.